Components Of Transmission System In Automobile.

Hello everyone..
In today's world the Automobile has become one of the essential part of our daily life. One cannot live his life easily if he or she has to move frequently from one place to another. So, the use of Automobile is increasing day by day in considerable amount. But, even though we use vehicles frequently we don't know how they actually work. Right..?
For that reason I am interested to tell you more about automobile as I am a automobile engineer. So,coming on point,the components of transmission includes:-

1.Engine:

Fig. Engine.

Everyone is lightly introduced to the engine. Here is something which will make you familiar.

Engine is a power house of vehicle. It converts fuel power into mechanical power by creating a blast of fuel inside cylinder, due to which the piston moves vertically inside cylinder and moves downward.Engine works on four strokes, which are,

• Suction.
• Compression.
• Power.
• Exhaust.

-In suction stroke, the piston moves downward and create vacuum pressure in cylinder due to which the fuel enters into cylinder. During this process only suction valve remains open.
-In compression stroke, the piston moves upward and start to compress the fuel inside cylinder. Here the pressure and temperature on the fuel increases.
During this process, both of the suction and exhaust valve remains closed.
-In power stoke, the spark plug on the top of cylinder generate a little spark for very short period of time. As a result, the compressed fuel inside cylinder start to burn and creates hammering pressure on the piston. During this process, both the suction and exhaust valve remains closed.
-In exhaust stroke, the piston moves upward and swipe out all the burned gases from the cylinder. During this process only exhaust valve remains open.

2.Clutch: 

Clutch is a device which engage or disengage the transmission of power from engine to gearbox. They work on the principle of  friction. Normally, the clutch  is in engaged position. But, when we press the clutch pedal clutch disengages and stop the transmission of power.

Fig.Construction of clutch.

There are various kinds of clutches available suitable with respective application.

Types of clutches are-

• Single plate clutch.
• Multi plate clutch.
• Diaphragm clutch.
• Cone clutch.
• Centrifugal clutch
• Semi-centrifugal clutch.

Figure above shows construction of single plate clutch which has maximum use worldwide & it named so because it consists of only one clutch plate for actuation of clutch.Clutch offers smooth changing of gears at different torques.

3.Gearbox: 

Gearbox is earlier known as transmission. Gearbox is a device which offers different torques at different speed. It consists of various gears having 

different gear ratios.

Fig.Construction of gearbox.

Types of gearbox-

• Sliding mesh gearbox.
• Constant mesh gearbox.
• Synchromesh gearbox.
• Epicyclic (Automatic) gearbox.

Figure shown above is a sliding mesh gearbox. The gearbox listed at last i.e. Epicyclic gearbox is a modern trend and it is being used in many cars for
automatic transmission. At first gear, the torque coming from engine is increased. So,the speed reduces and at highest level gear, the torque is minimum and speed is maximum.

Power=torque×speed.

So,the torque is inversely proportional to speed.

4.Propeller shaft: 

Propeller shaft is a device which transfer rotary motion coming from engine to the differential device.

Fig. Propeller Shaft

Some differential consist of tubular casing because of chances of damage due to the failure of shaft while rotate. Propeller shaft consists of two universal joints.

One at starting and another at end to allow a smooth motion while starting to rotate.

5.Differential:

Differential is a device which converts rotary motion coming from propeller shaft into linear motion and give this motion to wheels.

Fig- Gears in Differential.

Figure above shows the conversion of rotary to linear motion. Differential also allow the two wheels to rotate at different speed while taking turn on road.

So, this was the very quick introduction to transmission system of Automobile. If you face any queries or any doubt you are most welcome to ask in comment section at bottom of this page.

Thank you.